Private Laboratories
Industrial labs that changed physics — and the world. Where Nobel Prizes meet product roadmaps.
Nokia Bell Labs (formerly AT&T Bell Laboratories) · Est. 1925
The most productive industrial research laboratory in history, with 9 Nobel Prizes in Physics. Bell Labs invented the transistor (1947), the laser, the solar cell, and information theory. Today, under Nokia, it continues research in quantum networking and fundamental physics.
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center · Est. 1961
IBM's flagship research center has driven consequential advances in computing and physics. Robert Dennard invented DRAM memory here in 1966. Today IBM Yorktown leads superconducting quantum processors — it launched IBM Quantum, the first quantum computer available on the cloud, in 2016.